We believe that throughout God’s redemptive plan, God instituted certain covenants (binding agreements of relationships between God and mankind). There are conditional covenants—where the results are based on the actions of both parties. There are unconditional covenants where the results are only based on the actions of God.
God makes a conditional covenant with Adam in the Garden. When that covenant was broken, sin entered into the world, and mankind was separated from God (Gen 1-3). God makes an unconditional covenant with Noah to never destroy the earth again through a flood (Gen 8:20-9:17). God makes an unconditional covenant with Abram to bless him, giving him land, make him a great nation through his own offspring, and that through him all the nations would be blessed (Gen 12, 15, 17)
Deuteronomy 27-30, God creates a conditional covenant with His people Israel—obey the Law that God gave through Moses and be blessed; disobey the Law, rebel against God, and be cursed and be kicked out of the land that God had promised their fathers. This is what is often referred to as the “Old Covenant” or the Mosaic Law. This Law and conditional covenant were given to the nation of Israel alone.
God prophesied through the prophet Jeremiah (Jer 31) of a New Covenant that God would institute. This is an unconditional Covenant of Grace solely based on the complete and sufficient work of Jesus. The author of Hebrews shares that the new covenant is “superior to the old one” (Heb 8:6); “by calling it ‘new’, (God) has made the first (old covenant) obsolete (Heb 8:13); with Christ as the mediator of the New Covenant (Heb 9:15); setting aside the first (Mosaic Covenant) to establish the second (New Covenant) by which we have been made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all (Heb 10:9-10).
As New Testament followers of Jesus, under His New Covenant, we are not under or bound to the Mosaic Law that the nation of Israel was bound to. (Romans 10:4; Gal 2:16, 3:13). We can look to the Mosaic Law to learn of the righteous character of God, mankind’s inability to save itself, and our propensity toward sin (Rom 5:20). Followers of Christ are now bound by the Law of Christ, or the Law of Love instituted by the Great Commandments (Matt 22:36-40; Mark 12:28-31; Luke 10:25-28; John 13:34)